Mastic Gum: Health Benefits and Uses

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Mastic gum resin is derived from the Pistacia lentiscus tree, primarily found on the picturesque Greek island of Chios. The harvesting methods used to extract this precious resin have been passed down through generations, ensuring the preservation of ancient techniques and the authenticity of the final product.

The use of mastic gum dates back to ancient times, with evidence of its use found in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs and ancient Greek texts. The Greeks and Romans used mastic gum as a natural remedy for a wide range of ailments, including digestive problems, respiratory issues, and skin disorders. It was also used as a flavoring agent in cooking and as a natural chewing gum.

It has been used for its digestive health properties, aiding in the relief of indigestion, acid reflux, and stomach ulcers. It promotes optimal oral health, combating bad breath, reducing plaque formation, and supporting gum health. The resin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties contribute to overall well-being, while its antimicrobial effects help maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms in the body.

It also serves as a valuable ingredient in the cosmetic and skincare industry, offering astringent properties, and anti-aging effects, and contributing to overall skin health. Additionally, mastic gum powder enhances chewing gum, providing a natural and beneficial alternative for oral hygiene.

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2. Morphology

The mastic tree is an evergreen shrub or small tree that grows up to 3-4 meters tall. The leaves are alternate, leathery, and pinnately compound, with 3-5 leaflets. The flowers are small, greenish-white, and appear in clusters. The fruit is a small, round, reddish-brown drupe, about the size of a pea.

3. Habitat

Mastic trees are primarily found in the Mediterranean region, particularly in Greece and Turkey, but also in North Africa and the Middle East. The trees grow best in warm, dry climates and are adapted to tolerate saline soil and drought conditions.

4. Chemical Constituent

Mastic gum is primarily composed of a resinous mixture of terpenes, including alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, and myrcene. It also contains flavonoids, tannins, and other phenolic compounds. The chemical composition of mastic gum varies depending on factors such as the age of the tree, the time of year it is harvested, and the processing method used.

5. Nutritional Value

Mastic gum is not considered a significant source of nutrients, as it is primarily composed of resinous compounds rather than vitamins, minerals, or other essential nutrients. However, it does contain small amounts of nutrients and bioactive compounds. According to a study published in the Journal of Food Science and Technology, 100 grams of mastic gum contains approximately.

• 370 calories
• 0.5 grams of protein
• 94 grams of carbohydrates
• 0.1 grams of fat

In addition to its macronutrient content, mastic gum also contains small amounts of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium. It also contains flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may provide some health benefits.

6. Ayurvedic Properties 

1. Rasa (Taste): Mastic gum is believed to have a bitter (Tikta) and astringent (Kashaya) taste.

2. Virya (Potency): It is cooling in nature (Shita Virya).

3. Vipaka (Post-digestive taste): The post-digestive taste is pungent (Katu Vipaka).

4. Dosha Effects: Mastic gum is considered balancing for Pitta dosha and Kapha dosha due to its cooling and astringent qualities. It can help pacify excess heat and dampness in the body.

7. Health Benefits 

Mastic Gum has been used in traditional medicine for its various health benefits. Its chemical constituents have been studied for their potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Mastic gum has also been used for its digestive benefits, and sexual health and has been studied for its potential use in treating peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal conditions.

Digestive Health

Mastic gum has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which can help reduce inflammation in the digestive tract and kill harmful bacteria in the gut. This can help improve symptoms of digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. 

Oral Health

Mastic gum has been traditionally used as a natural chewing gum and breath freshener due to its antibacterial properties. It can also help reduce inflammation and improve gum health. 

Skin Health

Mastic gum has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce inflammation and protect the skin from oxidative damage. This can help improve symptoms of skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and rosacea. 

Respiratory Health

Mastic gum has been traditionally used to treat respiratory issues such as coughs and bronchitis. Its anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties can help soothe the throat and lungs and loosen phlegm.

Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Control

Some studies suggest that mastic gum may help lower cholesterol levels and improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. These effects may be due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Sexual Health

It may have a positive effect on sexual desire and performance in both men and women. It is believed to stimulate the production of testosterone and other hormones, which can boost libido and improve sexual function. 

Antioxidant Properties

Mastic gum contains compounds with antioxidant properties, which may help protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. 

Anti-inflammatory Properties

Mastic gum has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, which may benefit conditions such as arthritis, asthma, and other inflammatory disorders.

8. Uses 

In addition to its traditional uses, mastic gum is now being incorporated into various products for its potential health benefits. It can be found in dietary supplements, oral care products, skincare products, and even chewing gum. Mastic gum supplements are available in capsule or powder form, and are typically taken to support digestive health, lower inflammation, and boost immunity.

Food and Beverage Industry

Mastic gum is commonly used in the food and beverage industry as a flavoring agent and to enhance the texture of food products. It is also used in the production of chewing gum, candy, and other confectionery products.

Cosmetic Industry

Mastic gum is used in various cosmetic products for its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and masks, as well as in hair care products.