Garlic - Ayurvedic Health Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects of Allium Sativum - Herbal Guide

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

According to mythology, when Garuda snatched Amrutha from lord Indra, a drop of it fell on the earth from which Garlic came into existence. The odor is very peculiarly pungent and disagreeable, taste is acrid and gives warmth to the tongue. It is devoid of only one rasa, Amla, so it is named "Rasona."

Vagabhatta considered Lasuna as the best among the vataharadravya. He also emphasized the role of garlic rasayana in the treatment of all types of vataavarana except the avarana of rakta and pitta.

Garlic should be consumed in the winter season; however, it can also be consumed in spring by the kapha predominant person and in rainy season by vata predominant person. 

2. Morphology, Nutritional Value, and Chemical Compound of Garlic

Morphology 

Garlic is an erect biennial herb of the onion family, normally grown as an annual. It has irregular roots, condensed, flattened stems, and narrow, flat leaves. The bulb consists of 6 to 35 bulblets or pods called cloves enclosed in a thick whitish, glistening, and transparent covering.

Nutritional Value 

An analysis of garlic shows it to contain moisture 62.0%, protein 6.3%, fat 0.1%, minerals 1.0%, fiber 0.8%, and carbohydrates 29.8% per 100 grams of edible portion. Its minerals and vitamin contents are calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. It also contains traces of iodine, sulfur, and chloric. Its calorific value is 145.

Chemical Constituent 

The bulbs yield an essential oil containing allyl propyl disulphide, diallyl disulfide, and two other sulfur compounds. They also contain antiseptic and hypotensive allicin, Allisatin 1, and Allisatin 2.

Habitat

Garlic is believed to have originated in Central Asia, Chinese knew of it as far back as 3,000 BC and it continues to be one of the staple spices of their diet. Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans also used garlic both as a staple food and as a medicine. It is now widely grown in the Mediterranean region, India, Philippines, China, Ethiopia, kjenya, Brazil, and Mexico. It grows well in cool dry climates.

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3. Ayurvedic Properties 

• Rasa (Taste): PanchaRasa (except amla).
• Virya (Potency): It is hot in nature (Ushna).
• Vipaka (Post-digestive taste): It has pungent (Katu).
• Guna (qualities): Snigdha, Sara, Tikshna, Guru.

4. Health Benefits 

Garlic juice benefits all body systems, the ethers in garlic juice are so potent and penetrating that they help dissolve the accumulation of mucus in the sinus cavities, bronchial tubes, and lungs. They help to expel poison body toxins through the pores of the skin.

In herbal medicine, garlic has been traditionally used for asthma, deafness, bronchial, congestion, arteriosclerosis (hardening of arteries) fevers, worms, liver, and gall bladder problems. Garlic is good for the heart, stimulates appetite, is a strength-giving food, and is beneficial in leukoderma, leprosy, pile, worms, catarrhal disorders, asthma, and cough. It also strengthens hair. Some experiments and scientific research have shown much greater power of garlic than known before.

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5. Therapeutic Uses

Asthma

• Garlic is beneficial in asthma, three cloves boiled in milk taken every night give excellent results in asthma.
• Another treatment is taking a pod of peeled garlic crushed and boiled in 120ml pure malt-vinegar, it is strained after cooling and an equal quantity of honey is mixed and preserved in a clean bottle. One or two tsp of this syrup taken with fenugreek decoction before retiring is advised.

Blood Disorders

The herb is regarded as a rejuvenator, it helps to remove toxins, revitalize the blood, stimulate circulation, and promote intestinal flora or healthy bacteria which prevents bacterial infection.

Chest Disorders

Garlic has effective in certain diseases of the chest, it reduces foetidity or foul breath in pulmonary gangrene. It is also useful in the treatment of tuberculosis. In Ayurveda, a decoction of garlic boiled in milk is considered a wonderful remedy for tuberculosis.

One gram of garlic, 250 ml of milk, and a liter of water are boiled together till it reduces to one-fourth. This decoction is taken three times a day has been found to be an excellent remedy for pneumonia.

Digestive Disorders

Garlic is one of the most beneficial herbs for the digestive system, it is good for the lymph and aids elimination of noxious waste matter in the body. It stimulates peristalsis or movement of the intestines in the body. It stimulates of digestive juices; crushed cloves of garlic may be infused with water or milk and can be taken for all digestive disorders. It has an antiseptic effect and is an excellent remedy for infectious diseases and inflammation of the stomach and intestine.

The herb is an excellent worm expeller, it is also good in treating various forms of diarrhea. Problems such as colitis, dysentery, and many other intestinal disorders can be successfully treated with fresh garlic or garlic capsules. One garlic capsule taken thrice a day is usually sufficient to correct mild cases of diarrhea or dysentery.

Heart Attack

Garlic can prevent heart attack, it helps to break down the cholesterol in the blood vessels, thereby preventing any hardening of arteries which leads to high blood pressure and heart attack. The cholesterol level comes down by chewing garlic after a heart attack. Though the earlier damage may not be repaired, the chances of new attacks are reduced.

High Blood Pressure

Garlic is one of the most effective remedies for lowering blood pressure, it reduced blood pressure and tension by easing the spasm of the small arteries. It also slows the pulse and modifies the heart rhythm, relieving symptoms of dizziness, shortness of breath, and the formation of gas within the digestive tract. An average dosage of 2-3 cloves a day reduces blood pressure.

Rheumatism

Garlic is beneficial to treat Rheumatism and associated disease. Even in Britain, garlic is recommended for rheumatic afflictions. Recent experiments in Japan tested garlic extract on patients with lumbago and arthritis with positive results without any undesirable side effects. The anti-inflammatory properties of garlic make it an effective drug to treat arthritis and rheumatism.

Skin Disorders

Garlic is beneficial in skin disorders; pimples disappear without a scar when rubbed with raw garlic serval times a day. The external use of garlic helps to clear the skin of spots, pimples, and boils. The process is further helped by ingesting garlic to purify the blood. A regular course of three garlic cloves a day helps to clear inner skin infections quickly.

Whooping Cough

Garlic is an excellent remedy for whooping cough, syrup of garlic taken in doses of five drops to a tsp, twice or thrice daily treats this condition. It should be given more often if the coughing spells are frequent and violent.

Wounds and Ulcers

The herb has been used as an antiseptic for wounds and ulcerations, garlic juice with three parts of distilled water is employed as a lotion for cleansing infected wounds. Definite improvement is noticed within 24 hours and substantial improvement within 48 hours. Application of dressing, containing 15% garlic juice once a day over an ulcer removes pus in a few days. It also relieves pain within a short time.

Other Uses

Aphrodisiac Effects – Garlic has a pronounced aphrodisiac effect, it is a sex tonic in case of sexual power loss, and it is also treating sexual debility and impotency caused by overindulgence in sex and nervous exhaustion from dissipating habit. It is said to be especially useful to old men with nervous tension and failing libido.

After onions, garlic is the most widely used cultivated alliums, it is used both as a food and seasoning, in the preparation of soups, sauces, and pickles.

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6. Side Effects 

Garlic may also act toxically when overdosed, the main side effect of raw garlic intake is breath odor. Nausea and vomiting are other major side effects. There are some allergic reactions like asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and urticaria.

7. General Doses

• Tuber paste: 3 to 6gm.
• Oil: 1 to 2gm.

8. Official Part Used

Tuber and oil.

9. Ayurvedic Formulations

Hingutriguna taila, Lasunadi vati, Lasunadya ghrita, Rasona pinda, Rasonastak, Rasonasura, Rasona vati, Vachalasunadi taila.